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Top 50 AWS Interview Questions and Answers
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is known as the cloud computing platform widely used by a range of enterprises across the globe. AWS services consist of more than 200+ features to meet the multiple requirements of users on the cloud applications. It has many functionalities, including Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Customers prefer AWS services because of their secure, flexible and faster environment. Additionally, AWS services help users reduce costs and let applications and systems be more agile.
1. What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud computing provides access to IT resources such as computing power, applications, and storage to users as per their demands. Here, users do not need to maintain their physical resources on their premises. In cloud computing, you can pay only for the resources you have used, so there are no investment costs. This service provides greater flexibility and scaling on resources according to your changing workloads.
2. What is Serverless Computing?
AWS offers a serverless computing facility to run codes and manage data and applications without managing servers. Serverless computing eliminates infrastructure management tasks like capacity provisioning, patching, etc. It reduces the operating costs significantly. As this technology scales in response to the demands for resources automatically, it ensures quick service to users.
3. What is a Data lake?
It is a centralized data repository to store all your structured and unstructured data at any volume. The core aspect of Data lake is that you can apply various analytical tools to data, derive analytics, and uncover useful insights without structuring the data. Also, Data lake stores data coming from various sources such as business applications, mobile applications, and IoT devices.
4. What are the top product categories of AWS?
The top product categories of AWS are:
1. Compute
2. Storage
3. Database
4. Networking and Content Delivery
5. Analytics
6. Machine Learning
7. Security
8. Identity
9. Compliance
1. Compute
2. Storage
3. Database
4. Networking and Content Delivery
5. Analytics
6. Machine Learning
7. Security
8. Identity
9. Compliance
5. What are the featured services of AWS?
The Key Components of AWS are:
Elastic compute cloud( EC2): It acts as an on-demand computing resource for hosting applications. EC2 is very helpful in times of uncertain workloads.
Route 53: It’s a DNS web service.
Simple Storage Device S3:It is a widely used storage device service in AWS Identity and Access
Elastic Block Store: It allows you to store constant volumes of data which is integrated with EC2 and enables you to data persist.
Cloud watch: It allows you to watch the critical areas of the AWS with which you can even set a reminder for troubleshooting.
Simple Email Service: It allows you to send emails with the help of regular SMTP or by using a restful API call.
Elastic compute cloud( EC2): It acts as an on-demand computing resource for hosting applications. EC2 is very helpful in times of uncertain workloads.
Route 53: It’s a DNS web service.
Simple Storage Device S3:It is a widely used storage device service in AWS Identity and Access
Elastic Block Store: It allows you to store constant volumes of data which is integrated with EC2 and enables you to data persist.
Cloud watch: It allows you to watch the critical areas of the AWS with which you can even set a reminder for troubleshooting.
Simple Email Service: It allows you to send emails with the help of regular SMTP or by using a restful API call.
6. What is Amazon CloudFront?
Amazon CloudFront is known as the Content Delivery Network (CDN) service. This service provides high security and performance and is a developer-friendly tool. Amazon CloudFront uses a global network with 310+ Points of Presence (PoPs) across the globe, which helps to reduce latency effectively. And this service uses automated mapping and intelligent routing mechanisms to reduce latency. Amazon CloudFront secures data by applying traffic encryption and controlling access to data.
7. What is Amazon S3?
Amazon S3 is known as Amazon Simple Storage Service, which allows storing any volume of data and retrieving data at any time. It reduces costs significantly, eliminating the requirement for investments. Amazon S3 offers effective scalability, data availability, data protection, and performance. Using this service, you can uncover insights from the stored data by analyzing it with various analytical tools such as Big Data analytics, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence.
8. What is fleet management in Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?
Amazon EC2 auto-scaling service continuously monitors the health of Amazon EC2 instances and other applications. When EC2 auto-scaling identifies unhealthy instances, it automatically replaces the unhealthy EC2 instances with new EC2 instances. Also, this service ensures the seamless running of applications and balances EC2 instances across the zones in the cloud.
9. What is Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?
This AWS service automatically adds or removes EC2 instances as per the changing demands in workloads. Also, this service detects the unhealthy EC2 instances in the cloud infrastructure and replaces them with new instances, consequently. In this service, scaling is achieved in dynamic scaling and Predictive scaling. They can be used separately as well as together to manage the workloads.
10.What is Amazon EC2?
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11. What is Amazon S3 Glacier?
It is a storage class built for data archiving, which helps retrieve data with high flexibility and performance. So, data can be accessed faster in milliseconds, and S3 Glacier offers a low-cost service. There are three S3 glacier storage classes – Glacier instant retrieval storage, S3 Glacier flexible retrieval, and S3 Glacier deep archive.
12. What is Amazon DynamoDB?
Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed, serverless, key-value No SQL database service. This service has many essential features such as built-in security, in-memory caching, continuous back-ups, data export tools, and automated multi-region replication. Mainly, you can run high-performance applications at any scale using this service. For instance, it extensively supports internet-scale applications that require high concurrency and connections for many users with millions of requests per second.
13. What are the two types of queues in SQS?
There are two types of queues known
Standard Queues: It is a default queue type. It provides an unlimited number of transactions per second and at least one message delivery option.
FIFO Queues: FIFO queues are designed to ensure that the order of messages is received and sent is strictly preserved as in the exact order that they sent.
Standard Queues: It is a default queue type. It provides an unlimited number of transactions per second and at least one message delivery option.
FIFO Queues: FIFO queues are designed to ensure that the order of messages is received and sent is strictly preserved as in the exact order that they sent.
14. What is Amazon SQS?
Amazon Simple Queuing Service (SQS) is a fully managed message queuing service. Using this service, you can send, receive and store any quantity of messages between the applications. This service helps to reduce complexity and eliminate administrative overhead. In addition to that, it provides high protection to messages through the encryption method and delivers them to destinations without losing any message.
15. What is Amazon VPC?
Amazon VPC is known as Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), allowing you to control your virtual private cloud. Using this service, you can design your VPC right from resource placement and connectivity to security. And you can add Amazon EC2 instances and Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) instances according to your needs. Also, you can define the communication between other VPCs, regions, and availability zones in the cloud.
16. What are the benefits of AWS Elastic Beanstalk?
1. In a way, it is faster and simpler to deploy applications
2. The auto-scaling facility of Elastic Beanstalk supports to scale applications up and down based on the demands.
3. This AWS service manages application platforms by updating with the latest patches and updates
4. When they use this service, developers could achieve enough freedom to choose the type of EC2 instance, processors, etc.
1. Easy and simple: Elastic Beanstalk enables you to manage and deploy the application easily and quickly.
2. Autoscaling: Beanstalk scales up or down automatically when your application traffic increases or decreases.
3. Developer productivity: Developers can easily deploy the application without any knowledge, but they need to maintain the application securely and be user-friendly.
4. Cost-effective: No charge for Beanstalk. Charges are applied for the AWS service resources which you are using for your application.
5. Customization: Elastic Beanstalk allows users to select the configurations of AWS services that users want to use for application development.
6. Management and updates: It updates the application automatically when it changes the platform. Platform updates and infrastructure management are taken care of by AWS professionals.
2. The auto-scaling facility of Elastic Beanstalk supports to scale applications up and down based on the demands.
3. This AWS service manages application platforms by updating with the latest patches and updates
4. When they use this service, developers could achieve enough freedom to choose the type of EC2 instance, processors, etc.
1. Easy and simple: Elastic Beanstalk enables you to manage and deploy the application easily and quickly.
2. Autoscaling: Beanstalk scales up or down automatically when your application traffic increases or decreases.
3. Developer productivity: Developers can easily deploy the application without any knowledge, but they need to maintain the application securely and be user-friendly.
4. Cost-effective: No charge for Beanstalk. Charges are applied for the AWS service resources which you are using for your application.
5. Customization: Elastic Beanstalk allows users to select the configurations of AWS services that users want to use for application development.
6. Management and updates: It updates the application automatically when it changes the platform. Platform updates and infrastructure management are taken care of by AWS professionals.
17. What is AWS Elastic Beanstalk?
This AWS service helps deploy and manage applications in the cloud quickly and easily. Here, developers need to upload the codes; after that, Elastic Beanstalk will manage other requirements automatically. Simply put, Elastic Beanstalk manages right from capacity provisioning, auto-scaling, load balancing up to application health monitoring.
18. What are sticky sessions in ELB?
A sticky session is also known as session affinity. During sticky sessions, load balancers connect a user's session with a specific target. So, all the user's requests during that session will be directed to the same target. It will provide a continuous experience to users. Here, the cookie AWSELB is used to define the sticky session duration to the instance.
19. What are Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) and its types?
Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) automatically directs incoming application traffic to various destinations and virtual appliances. In fact, the destinations and virtual appliances may be in one or more availability zones. In this service, you can secure your applications using tools such as integrated certificate management, SSL/TLS decryption methods, and user authentication.
There are three types of load balancers such as Application Load Balancer, Gateway Load Balancer, and Network Load Balancer.
There are three types of load balancers such as Application Load Balancer, Gateway Load Balancer, and Network Load Balancer.
20. What is Amazon Redshift?
Amazon Redshift helps analyze data stored in data warehouses, databases, and data lakes using Machine Learning (ML) and AWS-designed hardware. It uses SQL to analyze structured and semi-structured data to yield the best performance from the analysis. This service automatically creates, trains, and deploys Machine Learning models to create predictive insights.
21. What is Amazon CloudWatch?
Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring service that would help IT professionals, extensively by providing actionable insights. The tool provides complete visibility on AWS resources and applications running on AWS and on-premises. In addition, it tracks the status of applications, which would help to apply suitable response actions and optimize the performance of applications.
22. What is AWS Snowball?
AWS Snowball is an edge computing and storage service. There are two features available in this service: Snowball edge storage optimized devices and Snowball edge computes optimized devices. The snowball storage devices offer block storage and Amazon S3 object storage. Snowball edge computing devices provide 52 vCPUs and an optional GPU, and it is suitable for handling advanced Machine Learning and full-motion video analysis.
Classic Load Balancer: Classic load balancer is designed to make routing decisions either at the application layer or transport layer. It requires a fixed relationship between the container instance port and the load balancer port.
Classic Load Balancer: Classic load balancer is designed to make routing decisions either at the application layer or transport layer. It requires a fixed relationship between the container instance port and the load balancer port.
23. What is AWS CloudTrail?
This AWS service monitors user activities on AWS infrastructure and records their activities. And this service identifies suspicious activities on AWS resources through CloudTrail insights and Amazon EventBridge features. So, you can get reasonable control over your resources and response activities. In addition to that, it analyses the log files with Amazon Athena.
24. What is Amazon ElastiCache?
It is an in-memory caching service. It acts as a data store that can be used as a database, cache, message broker, and queue. This caching service accelerates the performance of applications and databases. For instance, you can access data in microseconds using this caching service. Not only that, it helps to reduce the load on the backend database.
25. What is AWS Lambda?
It is a serverless and event-driven computing service. It allows running codes virtually for applications without any provisioning or managing servers. Most AWS services and SaaS applications can trigger AWS Lambda. This service can execute any code volume due to its scaling properties. Also, decoupled services can be communicated through the event-driven functions of AWS Lambda.
26. What is AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery?
This AWS service reduces application downtime on a greater scale by quickly recovering applications both on-premises and on the cloud if there is an application failure. It needs minimal computing power and storage and achieves point-in-time recovery. It helps recover applications within a few minutes in the same state when they failed. Mainly, it reduces recovery costs considerably, unlike the typical recovery methods.
27. What is the AWS Snow Family?
AWS Snow family allows transferring data in and out of the cloud using physical devices very simply. It doesn’t require the need for networks. AWS Snow Family helps transfer a large volume of data such as cloud migration, data center relocation, disaster recovery, and remote data collection projects. With the help of this service, many AWS services can be used to analyze, archive, and file data.
28. What is Amazon EFS?
Amazon EFS is a simple and serverless Elastic File System. It allows adding or removing files on the file system without provisioning and management. This service creates file systems using EC2 launch instance wizard, EFS Console, CLI, and API. You can reduce costs significantly since accessed files will be moved automatically over a period.
29. What is Amazon ECS?
It is known as Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR). It provides high-performance hosting so that you can store your application images securely in ECR. Amazon ECS compresses and encrypts images and controls access to images. The images can be simply stored in containers; also, they can be accessed from the containers without the support of any management tools.
30. What is Amazon Lightsail?
Amazon Lightsail is a service that helps to build and manage websites and applications faster and with ease. It provides easy-to-use virtual private server instances, storage, and databases cost-effectively. Not just that, you can create and delete development sandboxes using this service, which will help to test new ideas without taking any risk.
31. What is AWS Shield?
AWS Shield is the service that protects against DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks on AWS applications. There are two types of AWS Shields: AWS Shield Standard and AWS Shield Advanced. AWS Shield Standard supports to protect applications from common and frequently occurring DDoS attacks. At the same time, AWS Shield advanced offers higher level protection for the applications running on Amazon EC2, ELB, Amazon CloudFront, AWS Global Accelerator, and Route 53.
32. What is Amazon Route 53?
It is the highly scalable Cloud Domain Name System (DNS) web service. It connects users to AWS infrastructures such as Amazon EC2 instances, Elastic load balancing, and Amazon S3 buckets. It connects users outside of AWS infrastructure as well. Using this service, you can configure DNS health checks and monitor applications continuously for their ability to recover from failures. Amazon Route 53 can work alongside Amazon IAM, thereby controlling the access to DNS data.
33. What is Amazon Neptune?
It is a purpose-built graph database that helps execute queries with easy navigation on datasets. Here, you can use graph query languages to execute queries, which will perform effectively on connected datasets. Moreover, Amazon Neptune’s graph database engine can store billions of relationships and query the graph with milliseconds latency. This service is mainly used in fraud detection, knowledge graphs, and network security.
34. What is Amazon RDS?
Amazon RDS is known as Relational Database Service that allows easy setup, operation, and scaling of relational databases in the cloud. And it automates administrative tasks such as provisioning, database setup, and back-ups. Amazon RDS offers six familiar database engines, such as Amazon Aurora, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle Database, and SQL server.
35. What is Amazon Aurora, and mention its features?
Amazon Aurora is the MySQL and PostgreSQL relational database. It performs similar-like traditional databases and has simplicity and cost-effectiveness of open source databases. Amazon Aurora is fully managed by Amazon RDS and automates the processes, such as hardware provisioning, database setup, back-ups, and patching. Also, it has a self-healing storage system that can scale up to 128 TB per database instance.
36. What is Amazon Kinesis?
This AWS service collects, processes, and analyses real-time streaming data and generates useful insights. Here, the real-time data will be video, audio, application logs, IoT telemetry data, and website clickstreams. And you can take the right actions at the right time based on these insights. Especially, data is processed and analyzed once received rather than waiting for the arrival of the whole data.
37. What is Amazon EMR?
Amazon EMR is nothing but it is a cloud Big Data platform. This AWS service helps run large-scale distributed data processing tasks, Machine Learning applications, and interactive SQL queries. Also, you can run and scale big data workloads using open-source frameworks such as Apache Spark, Hive, and Presto. Amazon EMR uncovers hidden patterns, correlations, and market trends through large-scale data processing.
38. What is Amazon Sagemaker?
It is a managed AWS service, which builds, trains, and deploys Machine Learning models. It consists of the needed infrastructure, tools, and workflow to support any use case. You could manage a large volume of structured as well as unstructured data using this service; as a result, you can build ML models quickly.
39. What is Amazon EBS?
It is known as Amazon Elastic Block Store, and it is a high-performance block storage service. And it is designed to support Amazon EC2 instances. Amazon EBS could scale quicker with respect to the workload demands of high-level applications such as SAP, Oracle, and Microsoft products. Using this service, you can resize the clusters by attaching and detaching storage volumes; therefore, it can be analyzed by big data analytics engines such as Hadoop and Spark.
40. What is Amazon Network Firewall?
This AWS service helps to protect VPCs (Virtual Private Cloud) against attacks. In this service, scaling is carried out automatically as per the traffic flow in the network. You can define your firewall rules using Network Firewall's flexible rules engine; therefore, you can get reasonable control over the network traffic. Network Firewall can work alongside AWS firewall manager to build and apply security policies on all VPCs and accounts.
41. What are the Snow family members?
1. AWS Snowcone
2. AWS Snowball
3. AWS Snowmobile
2. AWS Snowball
3. AWS Snowmobile
42. What are the attacks that AWS Shield can prevent?
AWS Shield protects websites from the following DDoS attacks
1. UDP floods
2. TCP SYN floods
3. HTTP GET and POST floods
1. UDP floods
2. TCP SYN floods
3. HTTP GET and POST floods
43. What do you mean by AMI?
AMI is nothing but Amazon Machine Images. It provides the necessary information to launch an instance. Please note that a single AMI can launch multiple instances with the same configuration, whereas different AMIs are required to launch instances with different configurations.
