Laravel Interview Questions and Answers -

1. What is the latest Laravel version?

The latest Laravel version is 9. It was launched on February 8th, 2022.

2. Define Composer.

Laravel is a popular web application framework that allows you to build dynamic websites and applications.

A composer is a tool that includes all the dependencies and libraries. It helps the user to develop a project concerning the mentioned framework. Third-party libraries can be installed easily using composer.

Composer is used to managing its dependencies, which are noted in the composer.json file and placed in the source folder.

3. What is an artisan?

The artisan script is a command-line interface included with Laravel. It's the first thing you'll see when you run composer create-project, or PHP artisan serve.

Artisan is made up of commands and is one of your best friends for developing and managing your Laravel applications. You can view a list of all available Artisan commands by running PHP artisan list.

4. What is the templating engine used in Laravel?

The Laravel Blade templating engine is a powerful piece of the framework that allows you to easily create powerful templates with a syntax that's simple and intuitive.

The Blade templating engine provides structure, such as conditional statements and loops. To create a blade template, you just need to create a view file and save it with a .blade.PHP extension instead of a .php extension. The blade templates are stored in the /resources/view directory. The main advantage of using the blade template is that we can create the master template, which other files can extend.

5. What are available databases supported by Laravel?

Laravel has you covered. The database configuration file is app/config/database.php. You can define your database connections in this file and specify which you should use reference. Examples for all of the supported database systems are provided in this file.

Laravel supports four database systems: MySQL, Postgres, SQLite, and SQL Server.

6. What are migrations in Laravel?

Migration is a feature of Laravel that allows you to modify and share the application's database schema. It will enable you to alter the table by adding a new column or deleting an existing column.

If you have ever had to tell a teammate to add a column to their local database schema manually, you've faced the problem that database migrations solve. Migrations are like version control for your database, allowing your team to modify and share the application's database schema. Migrations are typically paired with Laravel's schema builder to build your application's database schema.

The Laravel Schema facade provides database agnostic support for creating and manipulating tables across all of Laravel's supported database systems.

7. What are the default route files in Laravel?

You can define Laravel routes in your routes/web.php file or create a separate file for other types of routes.

All routes are defined in your route files, located in the routes directory. The Laravel framework automatically loads these files. The routes/web.php file defines routes for your web interface. These routes are assigned to the web middleware group, providing features like session state and CSRF protection. The routes in routes/api.php are stateless and set in the API middleware group.

For most applications, you will begin by defining routes in your routes/web.php file. You may access the routes described in routes/web.php by entering the designated route's URL in your browser or through one of your controllers' actions or methods (explained later).

8. How to put Laravel applications in maintenance mode?

Laravel makes it easy to manage your deployment with minimal effort. Laravel allows you to quickly and easily disable your application while updating or performing maintenance when you need to make changes to your server or database.

To enable maintenance mode, the following are some helpful laravel commands related to maintenance mode:

# enable maintenance mode

# disable maintenance mode

php artisan up

# if you want the client to refresh

# page after a specified number of seconds

php artisan down --retry=60

9. Can we use Laravel for Full Stack Development (Frontend + Backend)?

Laravel is a great choice for building full-stack web applications. With Laravel, you can create a backend that will be scalable, and the frontend can be built using blade files or SPAs using Vue.js, which is provided by default. But it can also be used to just provide APIs for a SPA application.

10. How to define environment variables in Laravel?

In Linux, you have probably become familiar with environment variables. You can check the available environment variables with the printenv command.

To define an environment variable in Linux, use the export command followed by your new variable name: export name=Simplilearn.

The .env file holds your env variables for your current environment. The DotEnv Library powers it.

As the .env file often holds sensitive information like API keys or database credentials, you should never commit it to Git and push it to GitHub.

11. What is a Service container?

A Service container is one of the most powerful tools used to manage dependencies over the class and perform dependency injections.

1) A service container can be used as a registry to keep track of all the classes in use within your application.

2) In addition, it also helps in binding interfaces to concrete classes.

12. What is reverse Routing in Laravel?

Reverse routing is the process used to generate the URLs based on the names or symbols. It is also known as backtracking or reverse mapping.

You can do reverse routing in two ways:

1) Using route parameters in routes
2)Using route names in routes

When you use the URL structure, you can simply add a symbol or name at the end of your URL. It will let you create more readable URLs in your application and make it easier for users to understand them.

Route:: get(‘list’, ‘blog@list’);

{{ HTML::link_to_action('blog@list') }}

13. What is Middleware in Laravel?

Middleware in laravel is a platform that works as a bridge between the request and the response. The main aim of middleware is to provide the mechanism for investigating HTTP requests entering into your application. For instance, middleware in laravel ensures that the user of your particular application is authenticated. If they find that the user is not authenticated, it will redirect the user to the main login page of the application.

Middleware in laravel also helps you to handle a request from a user who has already been authenticated. For example, if you want to display information about a user who has already been established, then middleware will help you by providing this functionality within your application.

14. What's New in Laravel 8?

Laravel 8.0 is the latest version of Laravel Framework. The Laravel 8.0 was released on September 8th, 2020, with the latest and unique features making it one of the top frameworks in today's world. This latest version brings many new features, such as Laravel Jetstream, model directory, migration squashing, rate limiting improvements, model factory classes, time testing helpers, dynamic blade components, and more.

Following are some of the new features in Laravel 8

1) Time Testing Helpers

2) Models Directory

3) Migration Squashing

4) Laravel Jetstream

5) Rate Limiting Improvements

6) Model Factory Classes

7) Dynamic Blade Components

15. How to enable query log in laravel?

Our first step should be

DB::connection()->enableQueryLog();

After our query, you should place it

$querieslog = DB::getQueryLog();

After that, you should place it

dd($querieslog)

16. What are seeders in Laravel?

Laravel's database seeding feature allows you to quickly insert data into your database. It is helpful for development environments where you may not have access to your production database.

Laravel includes the ability to seed your database with data. By default, a Database seeder class is defined for you. You may use the call method from this class to run other seed classes. All seed classes are stored in the database/seeders directory.

A seeder class only contains one method: run. This method is called when the db:seed Artisan command is executed. You may use the query builder to insert data or Eloquent model factories.

17. What are the factories in Laravel?

Laravel has an excellent model factory feature that allows you to build fake data for your models. It is beneficial for testing and seeding counterfeit data into your database to see your code in action before any accurate user data comes in.

By default, Laravel's database seeding feature will create a new row in the database table and insert the value into each field. But sometimes, you might want a few extra areas or some sort of random string instead of a numeric value. That's where model factories come in handy!

Model Factories allow you to create a new model instance using their rules. You can do anything from creating an empty model instance to creatinbuildingth all fields filled out with values or even random ones!

18. How to implement soft delete in Laravel?

Laravel 5.6 has a new feature called soft deletes. When soft deleted models, they aren't removed from our database. Instead, a deleted_at timestamp is set on the record.

To enable soft deletes for a model, you have to specify the soft delete property on the model like this:

Use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;

Use SoftDeletes; in our model property.

After that, when you use the delete() query, PHP will not remove records from the database. Then a deleted_at timestamp is set on the record.

19. What are Models?

Laravel is a framework that follows the Model-View-Controller design pattern. All your models, views, and controllers are stored in their directories, making it easy to keep track of everything.

You'll use controllers to handle user requests and retrieve data by leveraging models. Models interact with your database and recover your objects’ information. Finally, views render pages.

Laravel comes with a fantastic, built-in command line interface called Artisan CLI that provides complete commands to help you build your application.

20. What is the Laravel Framework?

Laravel is an open-source PHP framework, which is robust and easy to understand. It follows a model-view-controller design pattern. Laravel reuses the existing components of different frameworks which helps in creating a web application. The web application thus designed is more structured and pragmatic.

Laravel offers a rich set of functionalities that incorporates the basic features of PHP frameworks like CodeIgniter, Yii, and other programming languages like Ruby on Rails. Laravel has a very rich set of features that will boost the speed of web development.

With Laravel, you can build applications for any type of business or organization. Whether it’s eCommerce, social media marketing, or an online ticketing system, you can create any type of web application with Laravel because it’s flexible and scalable enough to accommodate any size project easily.

21. What is a REPL?

REPL stands for Read—Eval—Print—Loop. It's a type of interactive shell that takes in single user inputs, processes them, and returns the result to the client.

If you've ever used a programming language like Ruby or Python, you've probably used a REPL. They're extremely useful for testing snippets of code and running little experiments on your computer.

22. What is tinker in Laravel?

Laravel Tinker is a powerful REPL tool used to interact with the Laravel application with the command line in an interactive shell. Tinker came with the release of version 5.4 and is extracted into a separate package.

Tinker is an excellent tool for debugging and exploring your code. You can use it to inspect variables, models, classes, and methods at runtime. You can change anything in the console, and it will instantly update the page you are working on.

For Installing tinker, you can use composer require laravel/tinker.To execute tinker, we can use the php artisan tinker command.

23. What are the advantages of Queue?

Laravel queues are a great way to handle time-consuming tasks. They allow you to offload work from your web server, so your users don't have to wait for a response from your API before getting the next page.

Queues are also helpful if your application has multiple servers and you want to use them all without having jobs interfere with each other. For example, if one server is running PHP code while another is running Python code, they shouldn't be able to interfere with each other's processes.

24. What is the Singleton design pattern in laravel?

The Singleton Design Pattern in Laravel is one where a class presents a single instance of itself. It is used to restrict the instantiation of a class to a single object. It is useful when only one example is required across the system. When used properly, the first call shall instantiate the object. After that, Laravel shall return all calls to the same instantiated object.

When working with an application that requires multiple instances of an object, it can be hard to manage them all and ensure another part of your codebase is not changing them.

There are many ways you could handle this issue:

Use a static variable inside your class and update it manually each time you want to use it

Use a global variable and check if it's set before using it

Use dependency injection (you'll need this if you want to inject services into your classes)

25. What is the Repository pattern in laravel?

The repository pattern decouples data access layers and business logic in our application. It allows objects without having to know how these objects persisted. Your business logic does not need to understand how data is retrieved. The business logic relies on the repository to get the correct data.

This pattern makes our code cleaner and easier to maintain because we can change the implementation of our data layer without changing any related code.

26. How to use skip() and take() in Laravel Query?

If you're looking for a way to limit the number of results in your query, skip() and take() are two great options!

skip() is used to skip over several results before continuing with the query. Take() is used to specify how many results you want from the query.

For example, if you want to get only five results from a query that usually returns 10, you'd use skip(5). If you're going to start at the 6th result in the question and get everything after it (skipping 1), then you'd use take(1).

27. What is composer lock in laravel?

After you run composer install in your project directory, the Composer will generate a composer.lock file. It will record all the dependencies and sub-dependencies installed by the composer.json.

28. How to mock a static facade method in Laravel?

Facades can be mocked in Laravel using the shouldRecieve method, which returns an instance of a facade mock.

$value = Cache::get('key');

Cache::shouldReceive('get')->once()->with('key')->andReturn('value');

29. What is Dependency injection in Laravel?

In Laravel, dependency injection is a term used for the activity of injecting components into the user application. It’s a critical element of agile architecture. The Laravel service container is a powerful tool that manages all class dependencies and performs dependency injection.

The Laravel service container is a tool that manages all class dependencies and performs dependency injection.

public function __construct(UserRepository $data)

{

$this->userdata = $data;

}

30. What is validation in Laravel?

Laravel provides several different ways to validate your application's incoming data. The most common way is by creating a Form Request.

Form Requests allow you to validate incoming data with ease, so you don't have to worry about creating validation rules or manually checking for errors. Form Requests also support custom validation rules and custom error messages, which means you can build your own validations that are specific to your application.

31. What are the features of Laravel?

1) Offers a rich set of functionalities like Eloquent ORM, Template Engine, Artisan, Migration system for databases, etc

2) Libraries & Modular

3) It supports MVC Architecture

4) Unit Testing

5) Security

6) Website built in Laravel is more scalable and secure.

7) It includes namespaces and interfaces that help to organize all resources.

8) Provides a clean API.

32. How do I stop Artisan service in Laravel?

If you're having trouble with your server, here are a few steps to help you troubleshoot.

First, try pressing Ctrl + Shift + ESC. This will open up the task manager, where you can locate the php system walking artisan process and kill it with a proper click.

Next, reopen your command line and begin again the server.

Note that it may be possible to kill the process just by sending it a kill sign with Ctrl + C.

33. What is a lumen?

Lumen is a micro PHP framework introduced by Taylor Otwell, the creator of Laravel. It is a faster, smaller, and leaner version of a full web application framework that uses the same components as Laravel, but especially for microservices.

Lumen is a lightweight framework for building web applications in PHP. It is built on top of Laravel and follows the same best practices that you have come to know in Laravel. In fact, Lumen was designed to be used as an alternative to Laravel when you only need to build small applications and services.

Lumen is ideal for both new projects and existing projects that require a microservice architecture or fast prototypes.

To install Lumen you can use the following command.

composer global require "laravel/lumen-installer=~1.0"

34. What are the basic concepts in laravel?

1) Blade Templating

2) Routing

3) Eloquent ORM

4) Middleware

5) Artisan(Command-Line Interface)

6) Security

7) In-built Packages

8) Caching

9) Service Providers

10) Facades

11) Service Container

35. What is Routing?

Routing refers to accepting requests and sending them to the relevant function of the controller. The route is a method of creating the request URL of the application. These URLs are readable and also SEO-friendly. Routes are stored under the /routes folder inside files. The default Routes in Laravel are used for registering:

1) web.php: web routes

2) api.php: API routes

3) console.php: console-based commands

4) channel.php: broadcasting channels supported by the application

36. Explain MVC Architecture

MVC stands for Model View Controller. It segregates domain, applications, business and logic from the user interface. This is achieved by separating the application into three parts:

1) Model: Data and data management of the application

2) View: The user interface of the application

3) Controller: Handles actions and updates

37. What is a yield in Laravel?

@yield is a Blade directive that allows you to pull content from a child page into a master page, and it's used in Laravel to define sections in a layout. When the Laravel framework performs the blade file, it first checks to see if you have extended a master layout. If you have, it will move on to the master layout and start grabbing content from @sections.

38. Explain ORM in Laravel.

ORM stands for Object-Relational Mapping. It is a programming technique that is used to convert data between incompatible type systems in object-oriented programming languages.

The ORM is used to map objects in the application's domain model to relational database tables, and vice versa. In this way, the ORM lets you work with your domain objects as if they were an old-fashioned collection of fields and properties while keeping the more recent advantages of a relational database.

39. What is Nova?

Laravel Nova is an admin panel built on the Laravel Framework. It's perfect for managing your database records, and it's easy to install and maintain.

Laravel Nova comes with features that have the ability to administer your database records using Eloquent.

40. What is soft delete in Laravel?

You don't delete data in soft delete but add a deleted tag. This way, you can quickly restore data when needed.

41. Explain the project structure in Laravel.

The following list of directories/folders shows the typical project structure in Laravel

app: source code of the application resides here, and it has the following sub-folders:

1) Consoler

2) Exceptions

3) Http

4) Providers

5) bootstrap: contains files required to bootstrap an application and configure auto-loading

6) config: configuration files such as app.php, auth.php, broadcasting.php, cache.php, database.php and so on are stored in this folder

7) database: holds the database files and has .gitignore file and the following sub-folders:

1) factories

2) migration

3) seeds

4) public: contains files used to initialise the web application

5) resources: The resource directory contains files to enhance the web application and has the following sub-folders:

6) Assets

7) Lang

8) Views

9) routes: includes route definitions

10) storage: stores the cache and session files and has sub-folders:

1) app

2) framework

3) logs

4) test: holds the automated unit test cases

5) vendor: contains the composer dependency packages

42. What are some common Artisan commands in Laravel?

1) make:controller – Creates a new Controller file in App/Http/Controllers folder

2) make:model – Creates a new Eloquent model class

3) make:migration – Creates a new migration file

4) make:seeder – Creates a new database seeder class

5) make:request – Creates a new form request class in App/Http/Requests folder

6) make:command – Creates a new Artisan command 7) make:command – Creates a new Artisan command

8) make:mail – Creates a new email class

9) make:channel – Creates a new channel class for broadcasting

43. What is the difference between the Get and Post method?

Both Get and Post are used to retrieve input values in Laravel. A limited amount of data in the header is allowed in the Get method, whereas the Post method allows sending large amounts of data in the body.

44. How do you check the installed Laravel version of a project?

Using the command PHP Artisan --version or PHP Artisan -v

45. What is the use of Bundles in Laravel?

Popularly known as packages, Bundles are a convenient way to group code. Bundles extend the functionality of Laravel since they can have views, configuration, migration, tasks and more. A Bundle can range from database ORM to an authentication system.

46. Explain Seeding.

Seeding refers to introducing test data to the database for testing the application. Developers can add dummy data to their database tables using a database seeder. Different data types allow the developer to detect bugs and improve performance.

47. What are Laravel's registries?

You use Requests to interact with HTTP requests and session cookies. For doing this, you can use the class illuminate\Http\Request. After submitting a request to a Laravel route, the request object is available within the method using dependency injection.

48. Describe the service provider in Laravel.

You can register services, events, etc., using a service provider before booting the application. They help inject Laravels services or your application services and dependencies.

49. How to create a middleware in Laravel?

Using a middleware, you can filter and inspect HTTP requests. You can create a middleware using the following code.

PHP artisan make middleware AllowSmallFile

50. Define collections in Laravel.

A collection is an API wrapper for PHP array functions; you can generate it from an array. Using a collection, you can reduce or map arrays.

Top 50 Laravel Interview Questions and Answers